This publication presents the results of the first OECD investment policy review of Vietnam. It finds that the progress Vietnam has achieved in less than two decades in putting into place a legal framework and implementing policies that mobilise private investment, including international direct investment, to support economic growth and the prosperity of Vietnam's citizens has been remarkable. Starting from a situation in which the economy was essentially closed to private and international investment, Vietnam is now considered to be one of the very attractive economies in the world for investment.
OECD's comprehensive review of rural policy in Italy. On average, rural regions in Italy have some of the highest GDP per capita among the OECD countries, yet unexploited potential remains. This analysis of rural Italy reveals heterogeneous economic conditions, an increasing elderly population and a diminished focus on environmental concerns. This suggests the need for a broader rural policy approach that reflects the changing demands upon rural resources and that considers other aspects of rurality including health, education and quality of life.
Damages to economic assets resulting from natural disasters have soared in the past fifteen years, and climate change models forecast intensified exposure to extreme weather in many OECD countries. This OECD review of risk management policies focuses on Japan, because the geography, topography and climate of its national territory subject it to serious natural hazards, especially seismic activity and typhoons. The report looks at Japan's policies in the areas of monitoring, preparing for and responding to floods and earthquakes, seeking out and identifying good practices and areas where improvements could be made. The case studies consider several issues of particular interest to policy makers, such as how to take climate change into account for long term policy planning related to large scale floods, and Japan's unique earthquake insurance scheme for damages whose probability and impact are hard to accurately assess.
Tables des matières:
Acronyms and Organisations Cited PART I. LARGE-SCALE FLOODS Executive Summary Chapter 1. Introduction: Flood Risks in Japan Chapter 2. Integrated Approach to Flood Risk Management Chapter 3. Risk Assessment and Communication Chapter 4. Flood Prevention and Damage Mitigation Chapter 5. Emergency Response Chapter 6. Recovery Annex I.1. Basin Territory River Administration in France Annex I.2. The United Kingdom Administration of Flood Risk Management Annex I.3. Flood Protection and Climate Change - the Bavarian Adaptation Strategy Annex I.4. The United Kingdom Use of Flood Risk Maps Annex I.5. International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine Annex I.6. The Dutch System for Emergency and Crisis Management Annex I.7. Administrative Organisation of Emergency Response in Sweden Annex I.8. Post-Disaster Experiences Collection and Communication in France Annex I.9. The Post-Disaster Recovery Stage: A Step towards Enforcement of Risk Culture Annex I.11. Self-Assessment Questionnaire Annex I.12. List of Institutions Interviewed Bibliography PART II. EARTHQUAKES Executive Summary Chapter 7. Introduction: Seismic Risks in Japan Chapter 8. The General Policy Framework Chapter 9. Risk Assessment and Communication Chapter 10. Disaster Prevention Chapter 11. Emergency Preparedness and Response Chapter 12. Post-Event Issues Annex II.1. Methodology Annex II.2. Self-Assessment Questionnaires Annex II.3. List of Institutions Interviewed Annex II.4. Members of the Steering Group Bibliography
This 2008 edition of OECD's periodic survey of Luxembourg's economy focuses on key challenges being faced including whether the financial sector can continue being the main growth engine, adapting fiscal policies to slower tax revenues, enhancing efficiency in health care, and increasing student abilities by giving schools more autonomy.
Although Poland has managed to maintain high growth levels since the mid-1990s, with the second-best performance in the OECD in 2006-07, territorial disparities are persistent and rising, especially between large urban areas and rural ones. Like many OECD countries, Poland must seek to achieve an appropriate balance between support for poles of growth and the development of lagging regions, particularly its eastern peripheral regions, which are among the poorest in the European Union. This report explores the various challenges and opportunities for Polish regional development policy, and provides recommendations to best design and implement the policy mix, looking in particular at governance challenges.
OECD's 2014 review of the economy of the Czech Republic examines recent economic developments, prospects and policies. Special chapters cover completing the transition to a competitive domestic economy and strengthening skill use and school-to-work transitions.
In July 2008, Peru became the 41st country to adhere to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. This review, undertaken as a part of Peru's adherence process, show the country's achievements in establishing an open and transparent regime with a limited number of restrictions, enabling Peru to rank among the most open economies. Recent government initiatives seek to further reduce administrative barriers to investment, streamline and simplify investment incentives, and promote responsible business conduct practices.
OECD's review of investment policy in Zambia reviews the country's investment policy, investment promotion and facilitation, trade and competition policy, tax policy, corporate governance, policies for promoting responsible business conduct, infrastructure development and other aspects of the policy framework for investment.
Abruzzo is at a tipping point: despite economic, cultural and natural strengths, the region is facing declining economic growth, ageing population and a reduction in outside economic aid. The devastating earthquake that hit the regional capital L´Aquila and its surroundings on 6 April 2009 caused 309 deaths and was a significant economic shock, jeopardizing the long-term growth prospects of an already vulnerable region.
To increase its resilience to current and future shocks, Abruzzo must encourage innovation-driven growth, based on knowledge and better use of skills, and redesign the city of L´Aquila through technological upgrade to make it more attractive to outsiders and improve the quality of life of its residents.
The report suggests that Abruzzo should focus on endogenous resources to build its long-term development strategy and, at the same time, to increase the external openness of the regional system to attract more entrepreneurs, students, foreigners and external capital. The economic development and quality of societal life in Abruzzo will strongly depend on how private and public actors will make the best use of existing knowledge, strengthening the cultural and economic networks as a major tool for growth; as well as promoting information sharing, transparency, accountability and community engagement to improve decision making.
More broadly, the issues raised in the report can help other governments to rethink regional policy, for both regions vulnerable to natural disasters and for those facing long-term decline. As such, eight guiding recommendations for building resilient regions after a disaster are drawn. These guiding recommendations can provide a framework for policy making in other OECD regions.
This OECD Glossary contains a comprehensive set of over 6 700 definitions of key terminology, concepts and commonly used acronyms derived from existing international statistical guidelines and recommendations. In the main, the definitions are quoted word for word from these sources and a detailed reference is provided to enable the user to refer to the complete source document to obtain further information where needed.
OECD's 2013 Economic Survey of Italy examines recent economic developments, policy and prospects. Its special chapter examines policy implemention: legislation, public administration and rule of law.
The world is becoming increasingly global. This raises important challenges for regulatory processes which still largely emanate from domestic jurisdictions. In order to eliminate unnecessary regulatory divergences and to address global challenges pertaining to systemic risks, the environment, and human health and safety, governments increasingly seek to better articulate regulations across borders and to ensure greater enforcement of rules and their application cross jurisdictions remain largely under-analysed.
This report gathers in a synthetic manner the knowledge and evidence available to date on the various mechanisms available to governments to promote regulatory co-operation, and their benefits and challenges. The review of evidence confirms the increased internationalisation of regulation, which takes place through a wide variety of mechanisms and multiple actors, and highlights a shift in the nature of IRC from complete 'harmonisation' of regulation to more flexible options - such as mutual recognition agreements. Despite growing regulatory co-operation, however, decision making on IRC is not informed by a clear understanding of benefits costs and success factors of the diverse IRC options.
This report assesses the extent to which Dutch water governance is fit for future challenges and sketches an agenda for the reform of water policies in the Netherlands. It builds on a one-year policy dialogue with over 100 Dutch stakeholders, supported by robust analytical work and drawing on international best practice.
Innovation is key to green growth. It helps decouple growth from natural capital depletion and contributes to economic growth and job creation. Business is the driver of innovation, but governments need to provide clear and stable market signals, e.g. through carbon pricing. This book explores policy actions for the deployment of new technologies and innovations as they emerge: investment in research and development, support for commercialisation, strengthening markets and fostering technology diffusion. Competition will be essential to bring out the best solutions.
Les informations contenues dans cette publication, produites en étroite collaboration par l'OCDE et Eurostat, rassemblent les statistiques sur les échanges internationaux par catégories détaillées de services pour les 30 pays de l´OCDE, l'Union européenne et la zone euro*, ainsi que des définitions et des notes méthodologiques. Les données sont fournies et publiées selon la cinquième édition du Manuel de la Balance des Paiements du FMI et la Classification élargie des services de la balance des paiements, qui est compatible avec la classification de la balance des paiements tout en étant plus détaillée. Cet ouvrage inclut des tableaux récapitulatifs par pays et par catégories de service et des totaux par zone pour l'Union européenne, la zone euro, G7, ALENA, OCDE - Asie et Pacifique, OCDE - Europe et pour l'ensemble de l'OCDE. Les données par catégories détaillées de services sont également fournies pour chaque pays, pour l'UE et pour la zone euro. Les séries sont exprimées en dollars des États-Unis et couvrent la période 2000-2008.
ÉGALEMENT DISPONIBLE SUR CD-ROM ET EN LIGNE Les utilisateurs désireux d'extraire des données et de construire des tableaux et graphiques peuvent se procurer la version CD-ROM de Statistiques de l'OCDE sur les échanges internationaux de services, tableaux détaillés par catégories de services. Cette version électronique est fournie avec Beyond 20/20TM (sous WindowsTM), un logiciel convivial et très simple d'utilisation. Outre les séries de la version papier, le CD-ROM fournit également pour l'Afrique du sud, le Brésil, la Chine, la Fédération de Russie, l'Inde, et l'Indonésie des pays de l'Union européenne, des données détaillées. La plupart des séries couvrent la période 1985-2008. Par ailleurs, des séries plus longues sont également fournies pour la période 1970-2008 lorsqu'elles sont disponibles. La base de données est également disponible en ligne via www.SourceOECD.org.
* PAYS COUVERTS Allemagne, Australie, Autriche, Belgique, Canada, Corée, Danemark, Espagne, États-Unis, Finlande, France, Grèce, Hongrie, Irlande, Islande, Italie, Japon, Luxembourg, Mexique, Pays-Bas, Norvège, Nouvelle-Zélande, Pologne, Portugal, République slovaque, République tchèque, Royaume-Uni, Suède, Suisse, Turquie.
The report draws on data from the 2006 cycle of the Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA) to describe differences across and within countries in how much time students spend studying different subjects, how much time they spend in different types of learning activities, how they allocate their learning time and how they perform academically.
Le rapport Coopération pour le développement (RCD) 2013 vise à fournir des pistes de réflexion sur la façon d'accomplir des progrès rapides et durables dans la lutte contre la pauvreté mondiale. Le monde est sur la bonne voie pour réaliser l'objectif du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD) de réduire de moitié la proportion de la population dont le revenu est inférieur à 1,25 dollar par jour. Nous sommes néanmoins loin de réaliser l'objectif global d'éradication de l'extrême pauvreté et de la faim. Nous avons tiré des enseignements sur les moyens efficaces permettant de réduire la pauvreté. Néanmoins, "arriver à zéro" demeure un défi face aux grandes difficultés pour toucher ceux en proie à une extrême pauvreté.
Ce rapport porte principalement sur les plus démunis et décrit concrètement :
- la nature et les dimensions de la pauvreté aujourd'hui ;
- ce que peut apporter la coopération au développement, soutenue par des partenariats mondiaux, dans la lutte contre la pauvreté.
Le RCD 2013 porte principalement sur les expériences positives des pays en mettant en avant les politiques et approches ayant fonctionné.
This report contains the "Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice" review, as well as revised version of the "Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review" already released for the Philippines.
The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention.
The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.
All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction´s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 and Phase 2 - reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
This report contains the "Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice" review, as well as revised version of the "Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review" already released for Macao, China.
The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention.
The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.
All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction´s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 and Phase 2 - reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
For more information on the work of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes, and for copies of the published review reports, please refer to www.oecd.org/tax/transparency and www.eoi-tax.org.
This 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Norway examines recent economic developements, policies and prospects. Special chapters cover real estate markets and financial risk and entrepreneurship.
This report contains the «Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice» review of the British Virgin Islands, as well as a revised version of the «Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review» already released for this jurisdiction.The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention.
Études économiques de l'OCDE : Colombie 2013 examine les développements récents, la politique et les perspectives économiques de ce pays. Ce rapport étudie plus en détail les inégalités, la productivité et la croissance.
Il est indispensable de bien comprendre les facteurs qui influencent les décisions des individus à l´égard de l'environnement si l´on veut élaborer des stratégies de croissance qui favorisent des modes de vie plus « verts ». Les récents travaux menés par
